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Livestock producers are going through much criticism for creating pollution and diseases problems. In the mean time farmers having production problems (costly manure removal, energy consumption, medicine cost and most important barn is not save working place.) One of the long-standing and costly problems of handling manure has been the absence of simple, reliable, accurate and long-lasting system of manure collection and transportation out of the barn,
Historically, several methods of manure handling were used in the industry assumed that manure would be held for some time in the barn. The Enterprise tendency to lager livestock production, with a concern for quality of food in efficient environment, requires a number of radical changes and development of new methods for proper and efficient manure management.
I have devoted years to research, development, design and construction of livestock production (manure handling) in Russia and would like to share my approach to manure management. Barn environment has a major influence on animals and the objective is to provide environment in the barn which will allow to achieve optimal utilization of feed and highest production.In order to provide the livestock industry with adequate manure handling systems, which will be both technically and economically competitive, it is necessary to apply plumbing technology principles. It means to exclude manure storage in close proximity to animals in the barn.The technology require manure reception structure with flashing system in the pen and piping system for transportation of liquid manure.Plumbing technology approach offering proper sanitation and allow to keep the barn clean.
My proven technology permits to solve many of existing problems:
1. Improved barn design eliminates odor in and around the barn. This will allow to forget about smell nuisance with much less ventilation. Permits to design multi-level barn for wean-to-finish production.
2. Significantly improved environment increase productivity (pigs have higher rates of growth). Since the new system excludes retention of manure in the pen, it results in pigs being dry and clean.
3. Prevents spreading of diseases. Pigs will not have contacts between pans through manure. This will allow for reduction in medicine consumption.
4. Rational use of water allow to reduce the volume of liquid manure 4-5 times and
bring the moisture to 92-95%. Most important it will allow selecting proper treatment and utilization technology.
5. The technology reduces capital and maintenance cost and do not require special
expertise to operate.The system requires less farmer attention and can be incorporated into a computerized plant control system.
Completely new engineering design approach is a superior alternative in the design for livestock production. Livestock producers existing and new one will highly benefit from implementation of the technology.
Manure Treatment and Utilization
Liquid manure and other organic waste are a byproduct of agricultural production with a high content of nutrition and organic matter. Manure contains pathogens and weeds, which are considered to be a greater problem when manure is applied to the soil.
Manure treatment and utilization technology approach is based on the extensive research and technological work, which is based on the concept that all manure and other organic waste should be treated and utilized without increasing the potential for pollution problems.
Wastewater and sludge treatment technology and processes are well known and can be adapted for liquid manure treatment
The scale of an operation is a significant factor in the selection of manure treatment process. There are many factors to consider in selection of manure treatment technology but most important it needs considerable technical expertise for proper design.
Solid-Liquid Separation Approach
The technology includes conventional equipment for gravity separation device pumps and piping. The removed solids are going to composting treatment following land application and liquid pumped to irrigation water storage.
The ability to design and accommodate complete flexibility makes the solid-liquid separation technology adaptable to a wide range of productivity, and requires minimum farmer's attention and can be run with unskilled personnel. This approach can be used as an improvement step on existing farms. Most important manure should not be stored near the barn.
Thermo-Treatment Approach
The main consideration in manure processing is of getting a product which is easy to utilize and environmentally acceptable. For this reason the thermo-treatment of liquid manure brings complete sterilization with simultaneous preparation for dehydration and avoids the possibility of weed germination.
The proposal is to heat the liquid manure inside a special vessel under immediate water-vapour injection.The parameters of that treatment, such as temperature and retention time depend upon the condition of original product and requirements of a final product.
Based on extensive research and technological work done by Dr. Aron Itkin, the following conclusions have been drawn regarding analyses of hydrated manure:
. Physical and chemical properties and content of liquid manure is widely changing which requires special consideration in choosing the processing technology.
· Thermo-treatment of liquid manure is accompanied with drastic changes in its physical and chemical content. The amount of those changes depends upon parameters of that treatment.
· The proposed technology is well known (Patent in 1911 England, Zimpro process USA.) and used for treatment of organic sludge permits to preserve the properties of the manure.
Treated liquid manure becomes a sterile solution, which can be utilized in many different ways (greenhouses, hydro-phonics, protein recovery and land application) with high effectiveness. Data collected allows for the start of the design and construction of the pilot production line using conventional equipment.
Pig manure consists of organic substances of 70-75% dry weight. The total value of nutrients (nitrogen,phosphate and potassium) is about 10% of dry weight. The technology allows to utilize manure in the most efficient and appropriate way.
New technology and innovative design will provide farmers and CAFO operators with complete engineering techniques using proven conventional processes and machinery in economically competitive and environmentally friendly manner.
By : Dr. Aron Itkin - Email: aiesitkin@rogers.com
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